Potassium hydroxide, with the chemical formula KOH, CAS 1310-58-3, is a powerful inorganic compound that finds extensive use across a myriad of industries. Often referred to as caustic potash, this hygroscopic material has a strong base, which lends it the versatility and potency required in numerous applications.
Potassium hydroxide is a white solid at room temperature and has a strong base with a pH level generally above 12. It is very soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution. It is also soluble in ethanol and glycerol, though not as soluble in ether and other non-polar solvents.
The molecular weight of KOH is approximately 56.11 g/mol.
It has a melting point of about 360°C and a boiling point of 1,327°C.
The chemical is extremely hygroscopic, readily absorbing water from the air and gradually transforming into a solution if left exposed.
Potassium hydroxide has a wide array of applications, predominantly in industrial processes. It plays a crucial role as a strong base in the manufacture of a variety of products. Its key uses encompass:
Soap and Detergent Industry: In the soap-making process, potassium hydroxide is used to saponify fats and oils.
Biodiesel Production: It serves as a catalyst in the transesterification process.
Food Industry: KOH is used in food preparation and processing, specifically as a food thickener, pH control agent, and stabilizer.
Aside from the major applications discussed, potassium hydroxide also finds utility in other areas:
Chemical Industry: KOH is used in the production of various chemical compounds, acting as a strong base in chemical reactions.
Pharmaceutical Industry: It is used in the manufacture of several drugs and medical solutions.
Agriculture: Potassium hydroxide is used as a potassium fertilizer in agriculture due to its high solubility in water.
Battery Production: KOH is a key component in alkaline batteries, where it acts as an electrolyte.
