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High Purity Nitric Acid Fuming Grade for Industrial Applications

Explore cutting-edge technologies, market trends, application scenarios, and in-depth technical analysis of Nitric acid and its fuming variant, powered by the latest data, process diagrams, and global standards.

Introduction: The Evolving Landscape of Nitric Acid & Fuming Nitric Acid

Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a cornerstone of the modern chemical industry, renowned for its high oxidative ability and critical role in manufacturing fertilizers, explosives, dyes, and specialty chemicals. The fuming nitric acid variant, characterized by its increased NO₂ content and aggressive oxidizing power, is indispensable in applications like rocket propellants, etching, and advanced materials synthesis.

The global demand for high-purity Nitric acid products is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% (2023-2028), with advances in process engineering, corrosion-resistant materials, and regulatory compliance (e.g., ISO 9001, REACH) driving competition among manufacturers.

Technical Specifications: Nitric Acid vs. Fuming Nitric Acid

Parameter	Nitric Acid	Fuming Nitric Acid
Purity	68%, 98%	>98% (+10-20% N₂O₄)
Freezing Point	-41°C	Varies with NO₂ content; up to -42°C
Density (g/cm³ at 20°C)	1.51	1.52 - 1.55
Color	Colorless to pale yellow	Reddish-brown
Boiling Point (°C)	83	~120
Key Impurities (ppm)	Iron	Iron
International Standards	ISO 9001, ANSI/ACS, REACH	ISO 9001, REACH, MIL-SPEC

Global Nitric Acid Market Growth Trend (2019-2024)

*Data Source: Statista, GrandView Research, Industry Reports, 2024

Manufacturing Process Flow: Nitric Acid & Fuming Nitric Acid

Key Process Steps

Ammonia Oxidation: Oxidation of NH₃ on platinum-rhodium catalyst at 800–900°C (Ostwald Process).
NO_x Absorption: Nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide, absorbed in water.
Distillation & Concentration: Stepwise concentration to obtain 68-98% Nitric acid.
Fuming Variant Production: Additional dry distillation or introduction of N₂O₄ for red fuming acid with >98% strength.
Quality Control: In-line and final product analysis for purity, ISO/ANSI/FDA compliance.

All critical nodes follow ISO 9001:2015 and ANSI/ACS chemical standards.

Figure: Simplified process flow for Nitric acid and fuming acid production. Each process stage is strictly monitored for emissions, temperature, and material quality.

Key Technical Parameter Trends for Fuming Nitric Acid (2018-2024)

*Shows rising industrial demand for ultra-high-purity fuming nitric acid and tighter product tolerances.

Nitric Acid, Fuming – Product Technical Index Distribution (2024)

Industry Applications & Competitive Advantages

1. Petrochemical Industry

Nitric acid is essential for nitration processes—crucial for fertilizer precursors (ammonium nitrate), explosives, and specialty polymers.
Fuming variant is used in advanced polymer etching and energetic materials.
Advantage: High purity reduces by-products, improves yield, and lowers equipment corrosion (confirmed by ISO 11114-2 material compatibility tests).

2. Metallurgy & Surface Treatment

Utilized for pickling stainless steel, descaling, and passivating alloys.
Advantage: Superior anti-corrosion and material stability; enhances lifetime of critical components (>15 years with tested alloys Alloy 20, C276).

3. Semiconductors & Microelectronics

Electronic-grade Nitric acid and red fuming variants are used for silicon wafer cleaning and organic residue removal.
Advantage: Enables ultra-low impurity content with precision etching and consistency, passing SEMATECH Class 2 benchmarks.

4. Propellants & Energetics

Fuming nitric acid is used by defense and aerospace sectors in liquid rocket fuel and advanced oxidizer synthesis.
Advantage: Controlled reactivity, high energy output; custom packaging available for safe logistics, certified under MIL-STD-882E.

Leading Manufacturers: Comparative Overview (2024)

Company	Fuming Nitric Acid Purity (%)	Annual Output (tons/year)	Certifications	Industry Focus
DF Chem Pest	98.5–99.0	2,100	ISO 9001, REACH, MIL-SPEC, ANSI/ACS	Petrochem, Electronics, Defense
BASF	98.0–99.0	2,600	ISO 9001, REACH	Fertilizer, Metal, Pharma
Yara	98.0	2,900	ISO 9001, REACH	Fertilizer, Environmental
Kayaku Japan	99.0 (special)	800	ISO 14001, JIS	Explosives, Electronics

*DF Chem Pest offers customization, rapid delivery, and is recognized by multiple Fortune 500 clients for technical support and after-sales services.

Customized Solutions: From Design to Delivery

Material Engineering: Acid-resistant container111s, Teflon/PVDF linings, Alloy 20, and Hastelloy C276 parts supported by CNC precision machining with surface roughness Ra ≤0.6μm for ultra-pure handling.
Quality & Inspection: 100% batch testing, ICP-OES trace impurities analysis, stringent conformity with ISO/IEC 17025 standards.
Packaging: 2.5L–200L UN-certified drums, double-layer insulation, barcode & RFID tracking, anti-tamper seals as per MIL-STD-2073-1.
Application Matching: Expert technical consulting to select optimal grade and packing for specific uses—from semiconductor-grade acid to propellant oxidizer.
Service Speed: Typical delivery within 10–15 workdays from approval of requirements and payment. Global express logistics for hazardous materials (pre-approved routes and customs clearance support).

Warranty & Support: All Nitric acid shipments backed by 12 months product guarantee, 24/7 technical support, SDS/MSDS documentation, and on-site training available upon request.

Application Case Studies

Electronics/Chip Manufacturing – Semiconductor Fab (Taiwan, 2023)

DF Chem Pest supplied 99% fuming nitric acid with <0.1ppm metallic impurities.
Helped achieve yield improvement by 3.7% (Q2 data, customer feedback), reducing etching defects and maintenance downtime.

Rocket Propulsion – Aerospace OEM (Europe, 2022)

Custom-engineered packaging, delivered under UN3481 rules.
Batch compliance: MIL-SPEC, ISO 9001, client audit passed. Result: 100% lot acceptance, incident-free launch fueling.

Metal Processing – Stainless Plant (India, 2024)

Supplied 10 tons fuming acid per month, enabled new pickling line with 35% energy savings (vs. old process, ISO 14404 certified review).

For further technical documentation, see our Nitric acid, fuming product page.

Professional FAQ: Nitric Acid, Fuming

1. What grades of Nitric acid (fuming) are available, and how do they differ?: Grades include Technical (68%, 98%), Reagent, and Electronic/Fuming. Fuming nitric acid contains >98% HNO₃ plus 10–20% dissolved NO₂ (N₂O₄), providing greater oxidative strength for specialty processes (e.g., propellants, nitrocellulose).
2. What are the recommended container111 materials for transport or storage?: UN HDPE drums (with acid-resistant liners), Teflon/PTFE, Alloy 20, and Hastelloy C276 vessels, per ISO 11114-1. Stainless steel 316 resistant for diluted acid but not for fuming acid.
3. What are critical purification & testing standards?: All lots tested per ICP-OES (ISO/IEC 17025), checking metallic impurities (<0.2ppm Fe, <0.5ppm Cl), water content by KF titration, and NO_x content.
4. What is the usual shelf-life and storage advice?: 12–18 months (sealed,
5. What is the typical installation & handling standard in the plant?: Equipment and pipelines to ANSI/ASME B31.3 standard; automated leak detection, acid-resistant seals (Viton/PTFE), remote venting, and eyewash/shower stations are required.
6. What customizations are possible?: Tailored purity, water content (ultralow for electronics), specialized packaging (small ampoules to IBCs), UN/ADR/DOT labeling, RFID traceability, with technical and regulatory documentation.
7. What is the average lead time for global delivery?: 10–15 working days for mainstream grades, with expedited options for critical end-users; hazardous logistics experts manage all customs/transport documentation (incl. MSDS/SDS, REACH statement).

Delivery Cycle, Warranty & Customer Support

Delivery: 10–15 working days is standard. Express shipping or direct delivery supported for critical infrastructure projects worldwide. Real-time tracking and proforma invoice available upon request.
Warranty: 12 months against formulation defects, as per product data sheet. Claims processed within 7 working days, with near-100% approval rate for proven batch nonconformities.
Support: Dedicated technical hotline, online chat service, multi-language after-sales consultants; on-site troubleshooting and operator training by request.
Documentation: SDS/MSDS, Certificate of Analysis (CoA), and traceability statement with all shipments.
ISO/FDA compliance: Production is certified under ISO 9001 and REACH. Customized solutions support compliance with SEMI, FDA, and Defense/MIL specs upon client demand.

Citations & Further Reading

GrandView Research, “Nitric Acid Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report 2024” – https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/nitric-acid-market
ECHA/REACH chemical profiles, “Nitric acid, 65% and above” – https://echa.europa.eu/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.001.263
Science Forums: “Corrosion-resistant alloys for handling fuming Nitric acid” – Industrial Chemistry https://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?topic=103536.0
Journal of Hazardous Materials, “Safe Storage and Transport of Nitric Acid: Case Analyses and Risk Mitigation”, 2021.
ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems – https://www.iso.org/standard/62085.html

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